1 | package de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models;
|
---|
2 |
|
---|
3 | import java.security.InvalidParameterException;
|
---|
4 | import java.util.ArrayList;
|
---|
5 | import java.util.Collection;
|
---|
6 | import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
|
---|
7 | import java.util.LinkedList;
|
---|
8 | import java.util.List;
|
---|
9 | import java.util.Random;
|
---|
10 | import java.util.Set;
|
---|
11 |
|
---|
12 | import de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.data.Event;
|
---|
13 | import de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.Trie.Edge;
|
---|
14 | import de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.Trie.TrieVertex;
|
---|
15 | import edu.uci.ics.jung.graph.Tree;
|
---|
16 |
|
---|
17 | /**
|
---|
18 | * <p>
|
---|
19 | * Implements a skeleton for stochastic processes that can calculate
|
---|
20 | * probabilities based on a trie. The skeleton provides all functionalities of
|
---|
21 | * {@link IStochasticProcess} except
|
---|
22 | * {@link IStochasticProcess#getProbability(List, Event)}.
|
---|
23 | * </p>
|
---|
24 | *
|
---|
25 | * @author Steffen Herbold
|
---|
26 | * @version 1.0
|
---|
27 | */
|
---|
28 | public abstract class TrieBasedModel implements IStochasticProcess {
|
---|
29 |
|
---|
30 | /**
|
---|
31 | * <p>
|
---|
32 | * Id for object serialization.
|
---|
33 | * </p>
|
---|
34 | */
|
---|
35 | private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
|
---|
36 |
|
---|
37 | /**
|
---|
38 | * <p>
|
---|
39 | * The order of the trie, i.e., the maximum length of subsequences stored in
|
---|
40 | * the trie.
|
---|
41 | * </p>
|
---|
42 | */
|
---|
43 | protected int trieOrder;
|
---|
44 |
|
---|
45 | /**
|
---|
46 | * <p>
|
---|
47 | * Trie on which the probability calculations are based.
|
---|
48 | * </p>
|
---|
49 | */
|
---|
50 | protected Trie<Event<?>> trie;
|
---|
51 |
|
---|
52 | /**
|
---|
53 | * <p>
|
---|
54 | * Random number generator used by probabilistic sequence generation
|
---|
55 | * methods.
|
---|
56 | * </p>
|
---|
57 | */
|
---|
58 | protected final Random r;
|
---|
59 |
|
---|
60 | /**
|
---|
61 | * <p>
|
---|
62 | * Constructor. Creates a new TrieBasedModel that can be used for stochastic
|
---|
63 | * processes with a Markov order less than or equal to {@code markovOrder}.
|
---|
64 | * </p>
|
---|
65 | *
|
---|
66 | * @param markovOrder
|
---|
67 | * Markov order of the model
|
---|
68 | * @param r
|
---|
69 | * random number generator used by probabilistic methods of the
|
---|
70 | * class
|
---|
71 | */
|
---|
72 | public TrieBasedModel(int markovOrder, Random r) {
|
---|
73 | super();
|
---|
74 | this.trieOrder = markovOrder + 1;
|
---|
75 | this.r = r;
|
---|
76 | }
|
---|
77 |
|
---|
78 | /**
|
---|
79 | * <p>
|
---|
80 | * Trains the model by generating a trie from which probabilities are
|
---|
81 | * calculated.
|
---|
82 | * </p>
|
---|
83 | *
|
---|
84 | * @param sequences
|
---|
85 | * training data
|
---|
86 | */
|
---|
87 | public void train(Collection<List<Event<?>>> sequences) {
|
---|
88 | trie = new Trie<Event<?>>();
|
---|
89 |
|
---|
90 | for (List<Event<?>> sequence : sequences) {
|
---|
91 | List<Event<?>> currentSequence = new LinkedList<Event<?>>(sequence); // defensive
|
---|
92 | // copy
|
---|
93 | currentSequence.add(0, Event.STARTEVENT);
|
---|
94 | currentSequence.add(Event.ENDEVENT);
|
---|
95 |
|
---|
96 | trie.train(currentSequence, trieOrder);
|
---|
97 | }
|
---|
98 | }
|
---|
99 |
|
---|
100 | /*
|
---|
101 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
102 | *
|
---|
103 | * @see de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#randomSequence()
|
---|
104 | */
|
---|
105 | @Override
|
---|
106 | public List<? extends Event<?>> randomSequence() {
|
---|
107 | List<Event<?>> sequence = new LinkedList<Event<?>>();
|
---|
108 |
|
---|
109 | IncompleteMemory<Event<?>> context = new IncompleteMemory<Event<?>>(
|
---|
110 | trieOrder - 1);
|
---|
111 | context.add(Event.STARTEVENT);
|
---|
112 |
|
---|
113 | Event<?> currentState = Event.STARTEVENT;
|
---|
114 |
|
---|
115 | boolean endFound = false;
|
---|
116 |
|
---|
117 | while (!endFound) {
|
---|
118 | double randVal = r.nextDouble();
|
---|
119 | double probSum = 0.0;
|
---|
120 | List<Event<?>> currentContext = context.getLast(trieOrder);
|
---|
121 | for (Event<?> symbol : trie.getKnownSymbols()) {
|
---|
122 | probSum += getProbability(currentContext, symbol);
|
---|
123 | if (probSum >= randVal) {
|
---|
124 | endFound = (symbol == Event.ENDEVENT);
|
---|
125 | if (!(symbol == Event.STARTEVENT || symbol == Event.ENDEVENT)) {
|
---|
126 | // only add the symbol the sequence if it is not START
|
---|
127 | // or END
|
---|
128 | context.add(symbol);
|
---|
129 | currentState = symbol;
|
---|
130 | sequence.add(currentState);
|
---|
131 | }
|
---|
132 | break;
|
---|
133 | }
|
---|
134 | }
|
---|
135 | }
|
---|
136 | return sequence;
|
---|
137 | }
|
---|
138 |
|
---|
139 | /**
|
---|
140 | * <p>
|
---|
141 | * Returns a Dot representation of the internal trie.
|
---|
142 | * </p>
|
---|
143 | *
|
---|
144 | * @return dot representation of the internal trie
|
---|
145 | */
|
---|
146 | public String getTrieDotRepresentation() {
|
---|
147 | return trie.getDotRepresentation();
|
---|
148 | }
|
---|
149 |
|
---|
150 | /**
|
---|
151 | * <p>
|
---|
152 | * Returns a {@link Tree} of the internal trie that can be used for
|
---|
153 | * visualization.
|
---|
154 | * </p>
|
---|
155 | *
|
---|
156 | * @return {@link Tree} depicting the internal trie
|
---|
157 | */
|
---|
158 | public Tree<TrieVertex, Edge> getTrieGraph() {
|
---|
159 | return trie.getGraph();
|
---|
160 | }
|
---|
161 |
|
---|
162 | /**
|
---|
163 | * <p>
|
---|
164 | * The string representation of the model is {@link Trie#toString()} of
|
---|
165 | * {@link #trie}.
|
---|
166 | * </p>
|
---|
167 | *
|
---|
168 | * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
|
---|
169 | */
|
---|
170 | @Override
|
---|
171 | public String toString() {
|
---|
172 | return trie.toString();
|
---|
173 | }
|
---|
174 |
|
---|
175 | /*
|
---|
176 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
177 | *
|
---|
178 | * @see de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#getNumStates()
|
---|
179 | */
|
---|
180 | @Override
|
---|
181 | public int getNumSymbols() {
|
---|
182 | return trie.getNumSymbols();
|
---|
183 | }
|
---|
184 |
|
---|
185 | /*
|
---|
186 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
187 | *
|
---|
188 | * @see de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#getStateStrings()
|
---|
189 | */
|
---|
190 | @Override
|
---|
191 | public String[] getSymbolStrings() {
|
---|
192 | String[] stateStrings = new String[getNumSymbols()];
|
---|
193 | int i = 0;
|
---|
194 | for (Event<?> symbol : trie.getKnownSymbols()) {
|
---|
195 | stateStrings[i] = symbol.toString();
|
---|
196 | i++;
|
---|
197 | }
|
---|
198 | return stateStrings;
|
---|
199 | }
|
---|
200 |
|
---|
201 | /*
|
---|
202 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
203 | *
|
---|
204 | * @see de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#getEvents()
|
---|
205 | */
|
---|
206 | @Override
|
---|
207 | public Collection<? extends Event<?>> getEvents() {
|
---|
208 | return trie.getKnownSymbols();
|
---|
209 | }
|
---|
210 |
|
---|
211 | /*
|
---|
212 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
213 | *
|
---|
214 | * @see
|
---|
215 | * de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#generateSequences(int)
|
---|
216 | */
|
---|
217 | @Override
|
---|
218 | public Collection<List<? extends Event<?>>> generateSequences(int length) {
|
---|
219 | return generateSequences(length, false);
|
---|
220 | }
|
---|
221 |
|
---|
222 | /*
|
---|
223 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
224 | *
|
---|
225 | * @see
|
---|
226 | * de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#generateSequences(int,
|
---|
227 | * boolean)
|
---|
228 | */
|
---|
229 | @Override
|
---|
230 | public Set<List<? extends Event<?>>> generateSequences(int length,
|
---|
231 | boolean fromStart) {
|
---|
232 | Set<List<? extends Event<?>>> sequenceSet = new LinkedHashSet<List<? extends Event<?>>>();
|
---|
233 | if (length < 1) {
|
---|
234 | throw new InvalidParameterException(
|
---|
235 | "Length of generated subsequences must be at least 1.");
|
---|
236 | }
|
---|
237 | if (length == 1) {
|
---|
238 | if (fromStart) {
|
---|
239 | List<Event<?>> subSeq = new LinkedList<Event<?>>();
|
---|
240 | subSeq.add(Event.STARTEVENT);
|
---|
241 | sequenceSet.add(subSeq);
|
---|
242 | } else {
|
---|
243 | for (Event<?> event : getEvents()) {
|
---|
244 | List<Event<?>> subSeq = new LinkedList<Event<?>>();
|
---|
245 | subSeq.add(event);
|
---|
246 | sequenceSet.add(subSeq);
|
---|
247 | }
|
---|
248 | }
|
---|
249 | return sequenceSet;
|
---|
250 | }
|
---|
251 | Collection<? extends Event<?>> events = getEvents();
|
---|
252 | Collection<List<? extends Event<?>>> seqsShorter = generateSequences(
|
---|
253 | length - 1, fromStart);
|
---|
254 | for (Event<?> event : events) {
|
---|
255 | for (List<? extends Event<?>> seqShorter : seqsShorter) {
|
---|
256 | Event<?> lastEvent = event;
|
---|
257 | if (getProbability(seqShorter, lastEvent) > 0.0) {
|
---|
258 | List<Event<?>> subSeq = new ArrayList<Event<?>>(seqShorter);
|
---|
259 | subSeq.add(lastEvent);
|
---|
260 | sequenceSet.add(subSeq);
|
---|
261 | }
|
---|
262 | }
|
---|
263 | }
|
---|
264 | return sequenceSet;
|
---|
265 | }
|
---|
266 |
|
---|
267 | /*
|
---|
268 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
269 | *
|
---|
270 | * @see
|
---|
271 | * de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#generateValidSequences
|
---|
272 | * (int)
|
---|
273 | */
|
---|
274 | @Override
|
---|
275 | public Collection<List<? extends Event<?>>> generateValidSequences(
|
---|
276 | int length) {
|
---|
277 | // check for min-length implicitly done by generateSequences
|
---|
278 | Collection<List<? extends Event<?>>> allSequences = generateSequences(
|
---|
279 | length, true);
|
---|
280 | Collection<List<? extends Event<?>>> validSequences = new LinkedHashSet<List<? extends Event<?>>>();
|
---|
281 | for (List<? extends Event<?>> sequence : allSequences) {
|
---|
282 | if (sequence.size() == length
|
---|
283 | && Event.ENDEVENT.equals(sequence.get(sequence.size() - 1))) {
|
---|
284 | validSequences.add(sequence);
|
---|
285 | }
|
---|
286 | }
|
---|
287 | return validSequences;
|
---|
288 | }
|
---|
289 |
|
---|
290 | /*
|
---|
291 | * (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
292 | *
|
---|
293 | * @see
|
---|
294 | * de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#getProbability(java.util
|
---|
295 | * .List)
|
---|
296 | */
|
---|
297 | @Override
|
---|
298 | public double getProbability(List<? extends Event<?>> sequence) {
|
---|
299 | double prob = 1.0;
|
---|
300 | if (sequence != null) {
|
---|
301 | List<Event<?>> context = new LinkedList<Event<?>>();
|
---|
302 | for (Event<?> event : sequence) {
|
---|
303 | prob *= getProbability(context, event);
|
---|
304 | context.add(event);
|
---|
305 | }
|
---|
306 | }
|
---|
307 | return prob;
|
---|
308 | }
|
---|
309 |
|
---|
310 | /* (non-Javadoc)
|
---|
311 | * @see de.ugoe.cs.eventbench.models.IStochasticProcess#getNumFOMStates()
|
---|
312 | */
|
---|
313 | @Override
|
---|
314 | public int getNumFOMStates() {
|
---|
315 | return trie.getNumLeafAncestors();
|
---|
316 | }
|
---|
317 | } |
---|